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Biology Career Areas

What can I do with this degree?

AREAS EMPLOYERS STRATEGIES

BIOTECHNOLOGY
Research and Development
Laboratory Testing
Education

  • Colleges and universities
  • Pharmaceutical companies
  • Agricultural industry including fertilizer
    manufacturers and animal and plant breeding
    and production
  • Federal and state government laboratories and
    agencies
  • Industry, particularly biotechnology firms
  • Become proficient using laboratory equipment and
    computers.
  • Acquire a Ph.D. for college and university teaching
    and advanced positions in research, development,
    and management.
  • Take additional courses in chemistry, physics,
    mathematics.
  • Complete an undergraduate laboratory research
    project with a professor.
GENETICS
Research and Development related to:
Animals
Plants
Humans
Genetic Counseling
Education
  • Colleges and universities
  • Pharmaceutical companies
  • Large producers of seed, livestock, and poultry
  • Government laboratories such as:
  • Department of Agriculture
    Fish and Wildlife Service
  • National Institutes of Health
  • Biotechnology industry
  • Hospitals and medical centers
  • Acquire a broad background in sciences,
    mathematics, and computer technology.
  • Obtain a Ph.D. for teaching and advanced positions in
    research and management.
  • Earn a master's degree from an accredited
    program for genetic counseling.
  • Complete an undergraduate research project with a
    professor.
  • Find a related internship with an organization in
    the area of your interest.
MICROBIOLOGY
Research and Development
Education
Quality Control
  • Colleges and universities
    Private research foundations
  • Government research laboratories and service
    agencies
  • Hospitals and public health facilities
  • Agricultural experiment stations
  • Food, chemical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic
    companies
  • Industry including wood products, paper, textiles,
    optical equipment, leather, and electrical
    equipment
  • Environmental and pollution control agencies
  • Obtain a Ph.D. for teaching and advanced research
    and management positions.
  • Develop additional competencies in chemistry,
    mathematics, and physics.
  • Take courses related to your field of interest or
    consider an advanced degree to specialize.
  • Find a related internship with an organization in the
    area of your interest.
  • Complete an undergraduate research project with a
    professor.
  • Develop strong skills using laboratory equipment and
    computers.
BOTANY
Education
Research and Development
Conservation
Production
Quality Control
Administration
  • Colleges and universities
  • Medical and private research laboratories
  • Pharmaceutical industry
    Industries and laboratories involved in production
    of food, textiles, chemical, and forestry products
  • State and federal government, especially the Departments of Agriculture, Interior, and Health
  • Botanical gardens and arboretums
  • National and international environmental
    organizations
  • Conduct undergraduate research with professors.
  • Join related professional organizations.
  • Take courses in this specialized area or consider an
    advanced degree for more opportunities.
  • Take courses in organic chemistry, biochemistry,
    and physics.
  • Obtain a Ph.D. for teaching and advanced positions
    in research and management.
  • Complete a related internship with an organization in
    the area of your interest.
SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY
Education
Research and Development
Taxonomy
Conservation
Consulting
Administration
  • Colleges, universities, and agricultural colleges
  • Federal agencies including Departments of Agriculture and Interior
  • State and local agencies
  • Private research foundations
  • Museums
  • Botanical gardens and arboretums
  • Zoos and aquariums
  • Public health laboratories
  • Hospitals
  • National and international environmental
    organizations
  • Earn a Ph.D. for college and university teaching and
    advanced research and management positions.
  • Develop excellent laboratory and computer skills.
  • Get involved with undergraduate research with
    professors.
  • Join related professional organizations.
  • Complete a related internship with an organization in
    the area of your interest.
ENTOMOLOGY
Education
Research and Development
Toxicology
Conservation
Quality Control
  • Colleges and universities, especially colleges of
    agriculture and veterinary medicine
  • Industry including food producers and processors,
    chemicals for insect control, and lumber and pulp
  • Chemical companies
  • Pest control companies
  • Federal and state government
  • Health agencies
  • Agricultural experiment stations
  • Inspection agencies and control boards
  • Conservation agencies
  • Acquire a Ph.D. for college and university teaching
    and advanced research and management
    positions.
  • Conduct undergraduate research with professors.
  • Join related professional organizations.
  • Take courses in this specialized area or consider an
    advanced degree for more opportunities.
  • Complete a related internship with an organization in
    the area of your interest.
MARINE AND AQUATIC BIOLOGY
Research and Development
Education
Administration
Production
Quality Control
Conservation
  • Federal, state, and local government
  • Inspection organizations
  • Private recreation organizations
  • Research laboratories
  • Colleges and universities
  • Zoos and aquariums
  • Fish hatcheries
  • National and international environmental agencies
  • Develop a good foundation in mathematics, physics,
    computer science, statistics, and chemistry.
  • Acquire a Ph.D. for college and university teaching
    and advanced research and management
    positions.
  • Obtain experience related to fishing and boating.
  • Complete a related internship with an organization in
    the area of your interest.
  • Take specialized courses in this area or consider an
    advanced degree for more opportunities.
ZOOLOGY
Animal Care/Training
Research and Development
Conservation
Administration
Education
  • Wildlife preserves and parks
  • Zoos, aquariums, and other collections of animals
  • Museums
  • Research organizations
  • Pharmaceutical, chemical, and agricultural
    service industries
  • Federal, state, and local government
  • Colleges and universities
  • Veterinary hospitals
  • Clinics and hospitals
  • Obtain experience working with animals and various
    related laboratory equipment.
  • Develop a broad background in biology and other
    related subjects such as chemistry, physics,
    mathematics, and statistics.
  • Obtain a Ph.D. for teaching and advanced research
    and management positions.
  • Complete a related internship with an organization in
    the area of your interest.
  • A zoological background is good preparation for a
    career in veterinary science or medicine, but an
    advanced degree is also required to practice.
BIOMEDICAL
Physiology
Biophysics
Biochemistry
Pharmacology
Immunology
Pathology
Research and Development
Education
Quality Control
  • Colleges and universities
  • Professional schools including colleges of pharmacy,
    dentistry, medicine, veterinary medicine, and
    agriculture
  • Clinics and hospitals
  • Private research foundations
  • Pharmaceutical companies
  • Federal laboratories and regulatory agencies
  • Independent testing laboratories
  • Public health departments
  • Agricultural experiment stations
  • Industrial laboratories including chemical, petroleum,
    food processing, drug, and cosmetic
    manufacturers
  • Obtain a Ph.D. for college and university teaching
    and advanced research positions.
  • Acquire a background in physics, organic and
    physical chemistry, mathematics, and anatomy.
  • Take courses in area(s) of specialization and/or
    consider an advanced degrees; some may require
    an M.D.
  • Complete a related internship with an organization in
    the area of your interest.
BIOINFORMATICS
Research and Development
Education
  • Biotechnology industry
  • Pharmaceutical companies
  • Government research laboratories
  • Universities and colleges
  • Double major or minor in computer science.
    Acquire experience working in teams.
  • Develop in-depth programming and relational
    database skills.
  • Learn molecular biology packages, web design,
    and programming skills.
  • Complete an internship in your area of interest.
EDUCATION
Teaching
Non-classroom Education
  • Universities and colleges
  • Medical and other professional schools
  • Public and private schools, K-12
  • Museums
  • Zoos
  • Nature centers and parks
  • Certification is required for K-12 school teachers,
    and Ph.D. is needed in universities and
    colleges.
  • Gain experience working with students through
    tutoring, interning, or volunteering.
  • Learn to work well with all types of people.
  • Develop excellent interpersonal and public
    speaking skills.
HEALTHCARE
Medicine
Dentistry
Optometry
Podiatry
Chiropracty
Pharmacy
Veterinary Medicine
Allied Health
Occupational Therapy
Physical Therapy
  • Hospitals
  • Medical centers
  • Nursing homes
  • Private practice
  • Government agencies
  • Armed forces
  • Home health organizations
  • Universities and schools
  • Nonprofit organizations
  • Plan to attend a medical school or other related
    graduate program.
  • Maintain an outstanding grade point average,
    particularly in the sciences.
  • Secure strong faculty recommendations.
  • Meet with a pre-health advisor periodically.
  • Join related student organizations. Demonstrate
    leadership abilities.
  • Obtain a summer job, volunteer position, or an
    internship in a hospital.
  • Develop a back up plan in case medical/graduate
    school admission is denied.
  • Consider alternative but related careers such as
    physician assistant and nurse practitioner.
TECHNICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL SALES
  • Manufacturing firms including:
  • Pharmaceuticals
  • Animal pharmaceuticals
  • Laboratory equipment
  • Medical supplies and prostheses
  • Develop excellent communication and
    interpersonal skills.
  • Take courses in anatomy, pharmacology, and
    chemistry.
  • Obtain sales experience and/or a business minor.
  • Hold leadership positions in campus organizations.
  • Join the student American
  • Marketing Association.
LEGISLATION/LAW
Lobbying
Regulatory Affairs
Science Policy
Patent Law
Environmental Law
  • Federal and state government
  • Law firms
  • Large corporations
  • Acquire internships in federal or state government.
  • Develop excellent communication and
    interpersonal skills.
  • Acquire a Ph.D for advanced positions.
  • Take courses in history, political science and/or
    legal studies.
  • Earn a J.D. degree to practice law.
BIOLOGICAL PHOTOGRAPHY
  • Major medical, dental, and veterinary schools
  • Research centers
  • Federal government
  • Museums
  • Zoological and environmental societies
  • Publishing houses
  • Free-lance
  • Acquire thorough knowledge of photographic
    procedures and technology.
  • Become skilled with medical and scientific
    instruments including microscopes.
  • Take specific courses in biological, medical, and
    ophthalmic photography; courses in illustration
    and printing are also helpful.
TECHNICAL WRITING
Writing
Editing
  • Newspapers
  • Publishing companies including scientific magazines,
    professional journals, periodicals, textbooks, and
    online publishers
  • Medical and veterinary colleges
  • Take advanced courses in technical writing or
    journalism classes or consider a minor in either.
  • Develop strong writing skills and command of the
  • English language.
  • Obtain an advanced degree in scientific journalism.
ILLUSTRATION
  • Publishing companies including scientific
    magazines, professional journals, periodicals,
    textbooks, and online publishers
  • Educational and scientific software companies
  • Medical and veterinary colleges
  • Double major or minor in graphic illustration.
  • Acquire word processing and desktop publishing
    skills.
  • Find a part-time, summer, co-op or internship
    position with a publisher or newspaper.

GENERAL INFORMATION

• A Bachelor's degree will qualify one for work as a laboratory assistant, technician, technologist, or research assistant in education, industry, government,
museums, parks, and gardens.
• An undergraduate degree can also be used for nontechnical work in writing, illustration, sales, photography, and legislation.
• Master's degrees allow for more opportunities in research and administration. Some community colleges will hire Master's level teachers.
• Doctoral degrees are necessary for advanced research and administrative positions, university teaching, and independent research.
• An advanced degree provides the opportunity to specialize under the different areas of the biological sciences.
• The biological sciences are good preparation for a career in healthcare such as medicine, dentistry, and veterinary science, but professional degrees and
licenses are also necessary to practice in these fields.
• Learn laboratory procedures and become familiar with equipment.
• Obtain summer, part-time, volunteer, co-op, or internship experience to test the fields of interest and gain valuable experience.
• Develop strong computer, mathematics, and verbal and written communications skills.
• Join professional associations and community organizations to stay abreast of current issues in the field and to develop networking contacts.
• Read scientific journals related to your area of interest.
• Maintain a high grade point average to improve chances of graduate and professional school admission.
• Become familiar with the specific entrance exam for graduate or professional schools in your area of interest.
• Secure strong relationships and personal recommendations from professors and/or employers.
• Consider completing a post doctoral experience after graduate school.
• Learn federal, state, and local government job application process. The federal government is the largest employer of biologists.
• Gain experience with grant writing and fundraising techniques. Often research must be funded in this manner.
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